FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI TURNOVER KARYAWAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19166/jam.v7i2.657Abstract
Tingginya tingkat turnover tenaga kerja ataupun karyawan pada suatu organisasi ataupun industri akan memberikan kerugian berupa ketidakpastian terhadap keadaan tenaga kerja ataupun karyawan dan terjadinya peningkatan biaya tambahan yang digunakan untuk melatih kembali tenaga kerja ataupun karyawan baru. Peningkatan turnover juga harus dihindari karena akan menyebabkan kerugian secara finansial, menurunnya angka produktivitas, menurunnya angka keuntungan, dan akan memberikan dampak yang buruk terhadap moral tenaga kerja ataupun karyawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah pengaruh area kerja, kepuasan kerja, kepuasan pendapatan, kompensasi finansial, dan stres kerja terhadap tingkat turnover tenaga kerja ataupun karyawan di suatu organisasi atau industri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif melalui riset kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan data terkait yaitu dari hasil kajian pustaka atau penelitian terdahulu. Hasil dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa area kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap turnover, kepuasan kerja berpengaruh negatif terhadap turnover, kepuasan pendapatan berpengaruh negatif terhadap turnover, kompensasi finansial berpengaruh negatif terhadap turnover, dan stres kerja berpengaruh positif terhadap turnover.
References
Alexander, N., hidayat, A., & Endri. (2020). The Effect of Compensation and Career on Turnover Intention: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business Vol 8 No 1 (2021) 471–478 471 Print ISSN: 2288-4637 / Online ISSN 2288-4645 doi:10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.471 https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202100569420316.pdf, 472-474.
Asnoni, Sambung, R., & Milwan. (2021). The Honorary Employees Service Quality Antecedentin the Airport Operational Unit Office of Class III North Kalimantan. JOM Jurnal organisasi dan manajemen https://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/jom/article/view/977/852 , 99-100.
Ayunita, C. D., Mulatsih, Iqbal, M. A., & Subarkah, E. (2022). The Influence of Work Environment, Job Stress, and Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variables on Turnover Intention of Hotel Employees XYZ. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal)Volume 5, No 2, May 2022, Page: 14637-14646e-ISSN: 2615-3076 (Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715 (Print) https://www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/birciemail: birci.journal@gmail.com, 14637-14646.
Bagus Prastyo, M. I., & Andriani, D. (2022). The Effect of Workload and Work Stress on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable for Employees. Business and Economics doi: 10.21070/acopen.7.2022.2666 Published: 2022-12-26 https://acopen.umsida.ac.id/index.php/acopen/article/view/2666/1544, 6-13.
Ernawati, F. Y., Novandalin, A., & Majid, U. A. (2023). Affect of job satisfaction, work stress, and work environment on potential turnover intention of operator level employees at PT.Prima Sejati Sejahtera. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-6, Issue-1, 2022 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771, 26-33.
Fadli, M. R. (2021). Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif. Humanika Kajian Ilmiah Mata Kuliah Umum Vol 21, No 1 (2021) https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i1.38075, 1.
Fauzi, A., Wulandari, A. S., Cahyani, D. R., Nurfitri, N., Khairani, N., Deva, R., et al. (2022). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Terhadap TurnoverIntention Pada Karyawan (Literature Review Manajemen Kinerja). JIMT jurnal ilmu manajemen terapan https://dinastirev.org/JIMTe-ISSN: 2686-4924, p-ISSN 2686-5246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31933/jimt.v4i2 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Vol. 4, No. 2, November 2022, 229-241.
Gesa, G. (2022, 09 22). Blog 4 Dampak Turnover bagi Perusahaan yang Penting Diketahui HR. Retrieved 05 14, 2023, from https://gajigesa.com/dampak-turnover-bagi-perusahaan/#:~:text=Dampak%20turnover%20terakhir%20yang%20merugikan,karyawan%20tersisa%20yang%20menjadi%20resah.
GuozhiHu. (2022). The Relationship between Pay Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Employees in Mobile Application Development Companies in Beijing, China. Science, Technology, and Social Sciences Procedia, 2022; 2022(5): CiM12 2022; 2022(5): CiM12 https://wjst.wu.ac.th/index.php/stssp, 2-9.
Hasibuan, S. J., Mariatin, E., & Ananda, F. (2019). The Influence of Pay Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention on Employees of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk Medan. Studi lain juga menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan gaji dapat berkurang, 96-98.
Hung, L.-M., Lee, Y.-S., & Lee, D.-C. (2018). The moderating effects of salary satisfaction and working pressure on the organizational climate, organizational commitment to turnover intention. International Journal of Business and Society, Vol. 19 No.1, 2018, 103-116 http://www.ijbs.unimas.my/images/repository/pdf/Vol19-no1-paper8.pdf, 104-107.
Iswanto, Y., & Yusuf, A. (2020). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Tanggerang selatan: Universitas Terbuka.
Kurniawatya, Ramly, M., & Ramlawati. (2019). The effect of work environment, stress, and job satisfaction on employee turnover intention. Contents lists available at growing science management science, Canada doi: 10.5267/j.msl.2019.3.001www.GrowingScience.com/msl, 878-886.
Likoko, S., & Barasa, J. (2022). Salary Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions among the Teaching Staff in Public Universities in Kenya. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume VI, Issue I, January 2022|ISSN 2454-6186, 732-735.
Maulana, R. (2019, 07 16). Sleelr blog. Retrieved 04 30, 2023, from Mekari: https://sleekr.co/blog/tujuan-dan-manfaat-kompensasi-karyawan/
Meirin, I., Ferdian, F., Pasaribu, & Suyuthie, H. (2019). The influence of work environment towards turnover intention of employee of 4 star hotels in Padang City. article in journal of business on hospitality and tourism https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331703150 march 2019 doi: 10.22334/jbhost.v4i2.120 JBHOST, Vol 04 Issue 2, 2018: 1-8, 1-8.
Mekari, B. (2022, 05 30). Mekari. Retrieved from mekari.com: https://mekari.com/blog/stress-kerja/
Muslim, M. (2021). Pengaruh stres kerja dan beban kerja terhadap turnover intention karyawan pada PT. Sunggong Logistics Jakarta. ESENSI: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, Vol. 24 No. 3, 2021, 462-472.
Mustika, M. P. (2021). The Effects of Compensation and Benefit Satisfaction on Turnover Intention. Conference Series, 3(2), https://doi.org/10.34306/conferenceseries.v3i2.594, 249–265.
Natasha, G., & Ruswanti, E. (2022). Pengaruh Stres Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja, Dan Komitmen Organsiasi Terhadap Niat Pindah Pekerjaan. SINOMIKA JOURNAL | VOLUME 1 NO.3 (2022) https://publish.ojs-indonesia.com/index.php/SINOMIKA https://doi.org/10.54443/sinomika.v1i3.302, 302.
Nugroho, A. P., & Tanuwijaya, J. (2022). The Influence between Salary satisfaction, Job satisfaction, Affective commitment, Performance, and the desire to change. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 5, No 2, May 2022, Page: 14951-14964 e-ISSN: 2615-3076 (Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i2.5372 www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/b, 14951-14953.
Putra, H., Nur Iman, M. F., Ramlan, & H. Simamora, B. (2023). Pengaruh Keterlibatan dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Turnover Karyawan di Perusahaan Minyak Sawit: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal on Education Volume 05, No. 04, Mei-Agustus 2023, pp. 15671-15680 E-ISSN: 2654-5497, P-ISSN: 2655-1365 Website: http://jonedu.org/index.php/joe, 4.
Putri, Kenita, & Arquisola, M. J. (2021). Influence of salary satisfaction and organizational commitment towards turnover intentions during pandemic covid-19 situations. Presiden Univercity Repository http://repository.president.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/7079, 91-98.
Sazili, Ju’im, Indarti, S., & Efendi, R. (2018). Turnover Intention Influenced by Work Environment and Job Satisfaction http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i6.291 Volume 5, Issue 6 June, 2022 Pages:102-108 http://ijssrr.comeditor@ijssrr.com. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 102.
Sembiring, L. J. (2021, 05 05). Sedih, 19 Juta Pekerja Masih Terdampak Pandemi Corona! Retrieved 06 01, 2023, from CNBC Indonesia: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20210505114321-4-243343/sedih-19-juta-pekerja-masih-terdampak-pandemi-corona
Sinaga, M., Saluy, A. B., Kemalasari, N., & Bari, A. (2022). The Impact of Compensation and Career Development on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable at PT Wijaya Machinery Perkasa. Dinastipud https://dinastipub.org/DIJEFA Vol. 3, No. 5, November 2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v3i5 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, 5.
Siregar, D. M., & Maryati, T. (2020). Effect of Compensation Towards Turnover Intention with Work Satisfaction as Intervening Variables a Study at PT. Madya Karya Putra. The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125951486.pdf, 340.
Sitompul, S. S., Novitriansyah, B., Purba, J. O., & Saputra, B. (2022). Analysis of factors affecting turnover intention at PT Meskom Agro Sarimas. LUCRUM : Jurnal Bisnis Terapan Vol. 2No. 1, Maret2022(55-67) ISSN: 2828-7975 https://www.ejournal.pelitaindonesia.ac.id/ojs32/index.php/lucrum/article/view/2073/870, 55-57.
Widodo, D. S. (2023). The Effect of Leadership Style on Turnover Intention and Job Satisfaction. International journal of psychology and health science IJPHS Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2023 19 | P a g e e-ISSN: 2963-2129, p-ISSN: 2962-0562 DOI: https://doi.org/10.38035/ijphs.v1i1 Received: 4 December 2022, Revised: 29 December 2022, Publish: 1 January 20, 19.
Wiliyanto, I. T., Sudiarditha, I. K., & Yohana, C. (2020). Influence of Work Environment Toward Turnover Intention with Motivation and Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variables in PT. TSA. International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion (IJoASER) IJoASER,Volume3,Issue1, March, 2020 DOI:10.33648/ijoaser.v3i1.42 https://ojs.staialfurqan.ac.id/IJoASER/article/download/42/34/, 11.
Yadewani, D., & Wijaya, R. (2021). The Effect of Compensation and Career Development on Employee Turnover Intention in the Culinary Sector. ADPEBI International journal of business anf sicial science Vol., No.1, 2021 e-ISSN 2807-6435 https://doi.org/10.54099/aijbs.v1i1.28, 37-44.
Yousuf, M., & Saqib, M. (2021). Impact of Job Satisfaction on Employee Turnover Intention at Bank Al-Habib. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Innovation, 3(1), 1 - 26. https://doi.org/10.52633/jemi.v3i1.49, 1-26.
Zhou, H., & Ma, Z. (2022). Organizational Justice and Teachers’ Turnover Intention in Primary and Secondary Schools: The Importance of Sustainable Salary Management. Journals Sustainability Volume 14 Issue 20 10.3390/su142013314 ; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013314, 1-5.
Asnoni, Sambung, R., & Milwan. (2021). The Honorary Employees Service Quality Antecedentin the Airport Operational Unit Office of Class III North Kalimantan. JOM Jurnal organisasi dan manajemen https://jurnal.ut.ac.id/index.php/jom/article/view/977/852 , 99-100.
Ayunita, C. D., Mulatsih, Iqbal, M. A., & Subarkah, E. (2022). The Influence of Work Environment, Job Stress, and Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variables on Turnover Intention of Hotel Employees XYZ. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal)Volume 5, No 2, May 2022, Page: 14637-14646e-ISSN: 2615-3076 (Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715 (Print) https://www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/birciemail: birci.journal@gmail.com, 14637-14646.
Bagus Prastyo, M. I., & Andriani, D. (2022). The Effect of Workload and Work Stress on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable for Employees. Business and Economics doi: 10.21070/acopen.7.2022.2666 Published: 2022-12-26 https://acopen.umsida.ac.id/index.php/acopen/article/view/2666/1544, 6-13.
Ernawati, F. Y., Novandalin, A., & Majid, U. A. (2023). Affect of job satisfaction, work stress, and work environment on potential turnover intention of operator level employees at PT.Prima Sejati Sejahtera. International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR Peer Reviewed – International Journal Vol-6, Issue-1, 2022 (IJEBAR) E-ISSN: 2614-1280 P-ISSN 2622-4771, 26-33.
Fadli, M. R. (2021). Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif. Humanika Kajian Ilmiah Mata Kuliah Umum Vol 21, No 1 (2021) https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i1.38075, 1.
Fauzi, A., Wulandari, A. S., Cahyani, D. R., Nurfitri, N., Khairani, N., Deva, R., et al. (2022). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Stres Kerja Terhadap TurnoverIntention Pada Karyawan (Literature Review Manajemen Kinerja). JIMT jurnal ilmu manajemen terapan https://dinastirev.org/JIMTe-ISSN: 2686-4924, p-ISSN 2686-5246 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31933/jimt.v4i2 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Vol. 4, No. 2, November 2022, 229-241.
Gesa, G. (2022, 09 22). Blog 4 Dampak Turnover bagi Perusahaan yang Penting Diketahui HR. Retrieved 05 14, 2023, from https://gajigesa.com/dampak-turnover-bagi-perusahaan/#:~:text=Dampak%20turnover%20terakhir%20yang%20merugikan,karyawan%20tersisa%20yang%20menjadi%20resah.
GuozhiHu. (2022). The Relationship between Pay Satisfaction and Turnover Intention of Employees in Mobile Application Development Companies in Beijing, China. Science, Technology, and Social Sciences Procedia, 2022; 2022(5): CiM12 2022; 2022(5): CiM12 https://wjst.wu.ac.th/index.php/stssp, 2-9.
Hasibuan, S. J., Mariatin, E., & Ananda, F. (2019). The Influence of Pay Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention on Employees of PT. Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Tbk Medan. Studi lain juga menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan gaji dapat berkurang, 96-98.
Hung, L.-M., Lee, Y.-S., & Lee, D.-C. (2018). The moderating effects of salary satisfaction and working pressure on the organizational climate, organizational commitment to turnover intention. International Journal of Business and Society, Vol. 19 No.1, 2018, 103-116 http://www.ijbs.unimas.my/images/repository/pdf/Vol19-no1-paper8.pdf, 104-107.
Iswanto, Y., & Yusuf, A. (2020). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. Tanggerang selatan: Universitas Terbuka.
Kurniawatya, Ramly, M., & Ramlawati. (2019). The effect of work environment, stress, and job satisfaction on employee turnover intention. Contents lists available at growing science management science, Canada doi: 10.5267/j.msl.2019.3.001www.GrowingScience.com/msl, 878-886.
Likoko, S., & Barasa, J. (2022). Salary Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions among the Teaching Staff in Public Universities in Kenya. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume VI, Issue I, January 2022|ISSN 2454-6186, 732-735.
Maulana, R. (2019, 07 16). Sleelr blog. Retrieved 04 30, 2023, from Mekari: https://sleekr.co/blog/tujuan-dan-manfaat-kompensasi-karyawan/
Meirin, I., Ferdian, F., Pasaribu, & Suyuthie, H. (2019). The influence of work environment towards turnover intention of employee of 4 star hotels in Padang City. article in journal of business on hospitality and tourism https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331703150 march 2019 doi: 10.22334/jbhost.v4i2.120 JBHOST, Vol 04 Issue 2, 2018: 1-8, 1-8.
Mekari, B. (2022, 05 30). Mekari. Retrieved from mekari.com: https://mekari.com/blog/stress-kerja/
Muslim, M. (2021). Pengaruh stres kerja dan beban kerja terhadap turnover intention karyawan pada PT. Sunggong Logistics Jakarta. ESENSI: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, Vol. 24 No. 3, 2021, 462-472.
Mustika, M. P. (2021). The Effects of Compensation and Benefit Satisfaction on Turnover Intention. Conference Series, 3(2), https://doi.org/10.34306/conferenceseries.v3i2.594, 249–265.
Natasha, G., & Ruswanti, E. (2022). Pengaruh Stres Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja, Dan Komitmen Organsiasi Terhadap Niat Pindah Pekerjaan. SINOMIKA JOURNAL | VOLUME 1 NO.3 (2022) https://publish.ojs-indonesia.com/index.php/SINOMIKA https://doi.org/10.54443/sinomika.v1i3.302, 302.
Nugroho, A. P., & Tanuwijaya, J. (2022). The Influence between Salary satisfaction, Job satisfaction, Affective commitment, Performance, and the desire to change. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal) Volume 5, No 2, May 2022, Page: 14951-14964 e-ISSN: 2615-3076 (Online), p-ISSN: 2615-1715 (Print) DOI: https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v5i2.5372 www.bircu-journal.com/index.php/b, 14951-14953.
Putra, H., Nur Iman, M. F., Ramlan, & H. Simamora, B. (2023). Pengaruh Keterlibatan dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Turnover Karyawan di Perusahaan Minyak Sawit: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal on Education Volume 05, No. 04, Mei-Agustus 2023, pp. 15671-15680 E-ISSN: 2654-5497, P-ISSN: 2655-1365 Website: http://jonedu.org/index.php/joe, 4.
Putri, Kenita, & Arquisola, M. J. (2021). Influence of salary satisfaction and organizational commitment towards turnover intentions during pandemic covid-19 situations. Presiden Univercity Repository http://repository.president.ac.id/xmlui/handle/123456789/7079, 91-98.
Sazili, Ju’im, Indarti, S., & Efendi, R. (2018). Turnover Intention Influenced by Work Environment and Job Satisfaction http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v5i6.291 Volume 5, Issue 6 June, 2022 Pages:102-108 http://ijssrr.comeditor@ijssrr.com. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 102.
Sembiring, L. J. (2021, 05 05). Sedih, 19 Juta Pekerja Masih Terdampak Pandemi Corona! Retrieved 06 01, 2023, from CNBC Indonesia: https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20210505114321-4-243343/sedih-19-juta-pekerja-masih-terdampak-pandemi-corona
Sinaga, M., Saluy, A. B., Kemalasari, N., & Bari, A. (2022). The Impact of Compensation and Career Development on Turnover Intention with Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable at PT Wijaya Machinery Perkasa. Dinastipud https://dinastipub.org/DIJEFA Vol. 3, No. 5, November 2022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v3i5 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, 5.
Siregar, D. M., & Maryati, T. (2020). Effect of Compensation Towards Turnover Intention with Work Satisfaction as Intervening Variables a Study at PT. Madya Karya Putra. The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125951486.pdf, 340.
Sitompul, S. S., Novitriansyah, B., Purba, J. O., & Saputra, B. (2022). Analysis of factors affecting turnover intention at PT Meskom Agro Sarimas. LUCRUM : Jurnal Bisnis Terapan Vol. 2No. 1, Maret2022(55-67) ISSN: 2828-7975 https://www.ejournal.pelitaindonesia.ac.id/ojs32/index.php/lucrum/article/view/2073/870, 55-57.
Widodo, D. S. (2023). The Effect of Leadership Style on Turnover Intention and Job Satisfaction. International journal of psychology and health science IJPHS Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2023 19 | P a g e e-ISSN: 2963-2129, p-ISSN: 2962-0562 DOI: https://doi.org/10.38035/ijphs.v1i1 Received: 4 December 2022, Revised: 29 December 2022, Publish: 1 January 20, 19.
Wiliyanto, I. T., Sudiarditha, I. K., & Yohana, C. (2020). Influence of Work Environment Toward Turnover Intention with Motivation and Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variables in PT. TSA. International Journal on Advanced Science, Education, and Religion (IJoASER) IJoASER,Volume3,Issue1, March, 2020 DOI:10.33648/ijoaser.v3i1.42 https://ojs.staialfurqan.ac.id/IJoASER/article/download/42/34/, 11.
Yadewani, D., & Wijaya, R. (2021). The Effect of Compensation and Career Development on Employee Turnover Intention in the Culinary Sector. ADPEBI International journal of business anf sicial science Vol., No.1, 2021 e-ISSN 2807-6435 https://doi.org/10.54099/aijbs.v1i1.28, 37-44.
Yousuf, M., & Saqib, M. (2021). Impact of Job Satisfaction on Employee Turnover Intention at Bank Al-Habib. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Innovation, 3(1), 1 - 26. https://doi.org/10.52633/jemi.v3i1.49, 1-26.
Zhou, H., & Ma, Z. (2022). Organizational Justice and Teachers’ Turnover Intention in Primary and Secondary Schools: The Importance of Sustainable Salary Management. Journals Sustainability Volume 14 Issue 20 10.3390/su142013314 ; https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013314, 1-5.
Published
2023-07-26
Issue
Section
Articles
License
JAMI has CC-BY-SA or an equivalent license as the optimal license for the publication, distribution, use, and reuse of scholarly work.
An author who publishes in Journal of Accounting and Management Innovation agrees to the following terms:
1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website). The final published PDF should be used and bibliographic details that credit the publication in this journal should be included.
ÂÂ
Read more about the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/.
